VELIKOVSKY, AND THE 3,600 SIGNATURE Who was Immanuel Velikovsky? He was a peer of Einstein, and they played chess together often. In fact, when Einstein died, he was in the process of reading his friend Velikovsky's book, Earth in Upheaval, as he was found sprawled over this book, laid open on his desk, when he died. Or perhaps there was something particularly upsetting, in the book? Einstein was aware of periodic global cataclysms, puzzled as to why they occurred, was an issue he and Velikovsky debated. Apparently Einstein espoused Hapgood's sliding crust theory, as an explanation for wandering poles, stating this was the best explanation for what the Earth stands in evidence of. Sliding crust, periodic cataclysms? If this sounds like pole shift caused by the periodic passage of the Planet of the Crossing, aka Nibiru or Planet X, that's exactly what everyone was looking at and trying to puzzle out. But at the time, they were only suspecting a passing planet might have caused the chaos, because folklore reported this had been sighted. During the era of Einstein and Velikovsky, knowledge of Planet X was not yet available. It was discovered in 1983 by NASA and JPL, and Sitchin's translations of ancient Summerian documents, detailing their knowledge of the Planet of the Crossing, Nibiru, passing through every 3,600 years, had not yet been done. Thus, Einstein and Velikovsky puzzled, looking at the evidence the Earth provided. Velikovsky was a genius on par with Einstein, which is a fact seldom mentioned by his detractors. Both he and Einstein were rare human beings, and indeed were friends who engaged in the type of friendly arguments only two geniuses could engage in. .
Velikovsky's purpose was to set mankind to thinking about the periodic cataclysms that have so dramatically left their mark on the Earth and human history. Like Einstein, he was berated for presenting what most of mankind does not want to think about - bad news. Mountains obviously thrown skyward under extreme pressure, the ruins of great civilizations with no reason for demise, flash frozen carcasses of healthy mastodons with no evident cause of death - all this is put over the wall and not dealt with. Was Velikovsky vilified? No pun intended, but he was indeed attacked, his books documenting solid evidence of what the Earth herself says about periodic cataclysms, banned from libraries and schools. Ages in Chaos and his second book, Worlds in Collision, dealt with the period around the Jewish Exodus, the time of the last pole shift. Ages in Chaos documented the physical history of the era, and Worlds in Collision had as it's emphasis the political and cultural history. In Velikovsky's words, from the forward in his book, Ages in Choas: "Unable to prove the book or any part of it wrong or any quoted document spurious, the members of that elite group indulged in outbursts of unscientific fury. They suppressed the book in the hands of its first publisher by the threat of a boycott of all the company's textbooks." Why such treatment? What did the book reveal that they did not want people to know? Despite the fact that when the book was already on the presses the publisher agreed to submit it to the censorship of three prominent scientists and it passed that censorship. When a new publisher took the book over, this group tried to suppress it there, too, by threats. They forced the dismissal of a scientist and an editor who openly took an objective stand, and thus drove many members of academic faculties into clandestine reading of Worlds in Collision and correspondence with its author. Why? Because he carried a message that frightened people, the message that such cataclysms had happened to mankind before, and could happen again. The messenger was attacked. Not an uncommon story. Carl Sagan, near the end of his life, had this to say about Velikovsky. (Quote from his book Cosmos, 1980, page 91.) The worst aspect of the Velikovsky affair is not that his hypotheses were wrong or in contradiction to firmly established facts, but that some who called themselves scientists attempted to suppress Velikovsky's work .Science is generated by and devoted to free inquiry: the idea that any hypothesis, no matter how strange, deserves to be considered on its merits. The suppression of uncomfortable ideas may be common in religion and politics, but it is not the path to knowledge; it has no place in the endeavor of science. Velikovsky's approach was scientific, using well documented evidence and cross checking everything, looking for patterns. In his words: Ages in Chaos, forward: "I searched the records of one land after another and went from one generation to another, taking from everywhere hints and clues, evidence and proof. Because I had to discover and to collate them, this book is written like a detective story." Why was it necessary to be written like a detective story, and put the pieces of the puzzle together? Because after a pole shift, written records get lost. It is without argument that the Egyptian census keepers stopped taking the census, and the records were strewn about, with no other cause for the wreck than a geological catastrophe. The Jewish slaves walked away from their master, old women and toddlers alike. Egyptian record keeping did not pick up again for hundreds of years, a gap great enough that no one is certain, from the records, just WHEN the Jewish Exodus occurred. During cataclysms, and for many hundreds of years following, people become terribly discombobulated. Look what happened to the Egyptian records after the last pole shift. The Jewish Exodus occurred, with the Jews able to leave their slavehood taking their old, their lame, and their babes in arms with them. They escaped, one and all from their captors, not because they were all that swift, but because their captors were very distracted. The hail, the insects disturbed by the groaning in the Earth and running in every direction, the volcanic eruptions, the earthquakes, and the fact that they were experiencing a very long day, the Sun quite noticeably stopped in its progression across the sky - all this distracted the Egyptians.
After the last cataclysms, the very careful Egyptian records which kept census, the grain stores which maintained the rich - all this was lost. And for centuries afterwards, people lost track of just how many years passed until records began to be kept again. This happened all over the world, during each cataclysm. What happened to the great cities of China? Records are disrupted. Because the conclusion, that the catastrophe experienced during that era was great and caused by a passing body in the sky, the message was rejected, attacked as being only folklore, based on stories, and thus a wrong conclusion. His last book, Earth in Upheaval, took the focus on concentrating on geological evidence, collected by OTHERS, in other words, scientific and unarguable FACT. What are some of the FACTS that Velikovsky located and put as pieces of the puzzle into the whole? Here is a quote from Earth in Upheaval. The Ivory Islands: pages 4-6 "In 1797 the body of a mammoth, with flesh, skin, and hair, was found in northeastern Siberia. The flesh had the appearance of freshly frozen beef; it was edible, and wolves and sled dogs fed on it without harm. The ground must have been frozen ever since the day of their entombment; had it not been frozen, the bodies of the mammoths would have putrefied in a single summer, but they remained unspoiled for some thousands of years. In some mammoths, when discovered, even the eyeballs were still preserved."
All this shows that the cold became suddenly extreme and knew no relenting afterward. In the stomachs and between the teeth of the mammoths were found plants and grasses that do not grow now in northern Siberia (but are) now found in southern Siberia. Microscopic examination of the skin showed red blood corpuscles, which was proof not only of a sudden death, but that the death was due to suffocation either by gases or water .Was Velikovsky wrong? Not by a long shot. Recently more evidence, and more carcasses, have been unearthed, one in Finland, an episode that was published in Discovery magazine and on TV shows in 1999. I quote from the pages of the Troubled Times website. According to Discovery magazine, April 1999, the American Mastodon roamed here for about 4 million years until about 11,500 years ago. Another type, the Mammuthus primigenius, roamed around 400,000 years until 3,900 years ago. Both extinction times could be multiples of 3,600 years. The heyday of the woolly mammoth was the Pleistocene Epoch, stretching from 1.8 million years ago to the end of the last ice age 11,000 years ago. Mammoths thrived particularly well in Siberia, where dry grasslands once stretched for hundreds of miles, supporting a vibrant ecosystem of mammoths, bison, and other jumbo herbivores. The mammoth fossils on Wrangel Island are the youngest that have ever been found. It was there, apparently, that mammoths made their last stand. They died out only 3,800 years ago. Then, an excerpt from a recent Discovery program on the frozen mammoth carcasses: It had always been thought that the mammoth died out about ten thousand years ago, with the end of the ice age, but the tusk appeared to be 7,000 years old. It was so unlikely, so Buttanyan tested five more tusks, but the new dates pointed to an even more remarkable conclusion. Hidden up here [Rangell Island] in the Arctic, the mammoth hadn't just survived the end of the ice age, it was walking these hills at the time of the Egyptian Pharaos, only 3500 years ago. This discovery has led to the re-examination of the complex chain of 'cause and effect' that made mammoths die out everywhere else. It is NO accident that their frozen state indicates the crust of the Earth moved INTO the polar circle. This is what happens during pole shifts. The Mastodon [or mammoth] is a species that went extinct during the past few pole shifts, primarily when the grasslands they browsed in Siberia were drawn rapidly into the new polar circle. But where drawn into water and drown, and then far enough north, the Mastodons were flash frozen. If the Mastodons were not flash frozen, they would be in some sort of state of decay - perhaps the skin preserved, but the internal organs a mush. This is not the case, as recent documentaries on the frozen state of these preserved beasts shows! So if flash frozen, and frozen steadily since that date, then how did the Mastodons get green grass and buttercups in their stomachs? A fast trot to the Arctic Circle? Does anyone presume they ate snow? These were herbivors! Their grasslands were moved during poles shifts. The remains of Mastodons that were not far enough into the polar circle to be completely frozen are bones and the ivory that has been harvested from the Ivory Islands for centuries. The bodies rotted, the Ivory did not. A wealth of ivory, with no flesh to disturb those shipping the tusks off to become piano keys. I quote again from Earth in Upheaval. Velikovsky Earth in Upheaval Dropped Ocean Level, pages 181-183 "Daly observed that in a great many places all around the world there is a uniform emergence of the shore line of 18 to 20 feet. In the southwest Pacific, on the islands belonging to the Samoan group but spread over two hundred miles, the same emergence is evident. Nearly halfway around the world, at St. Helena in the South Atlantic, the lava is punctuated by dry sea caves, the floors of which are covered with water-worn pebbles, now dusty because untouched by the surf. The emergence there is also 20 feet. At the Cape of Good Hope caves and beaches also prove recent and sensibly uniform emergence to the extent of about 20 feet. Marine terraces, indicating similar emergence, are found along the Atlantic coast from New York to the Gulf of Mexico; for at least 1,000 miles along the coast of eastern Australia; along the coasts of Brazil, southwest Africa, and many islands in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans." The emergence is recent as well as of the same order of magnitude, (20 feet). Judging from the condition of beaches, terraces, and caves, the emergence seems to have been simultaneous on every shore. In (Daly's) opinion the cause lies in the sinking of the level of all seas on the globe. Alternatively, Daly thinks it could have resulted from a deepening of the oceans or from an increase in their areas. Of special interest is the time of the change. Daly estimated the sudden drop of oceanic level to (have occurred) some 3,000 to 4,000 years ago. There's that multiple of 3,600 again! Was Velikovsky wrong? Not by a long shot! Scientists Challenge Conventional Sea Level Theory ABC News, December 3, 1999 Australian scientists say they have discovered evidence of rapid change in world sea levels and of a dramatic fall in geologically recent times - directly challenging current conventional wisdom.
Dr Robert Baker of the University of New England, in the New South Wales country town of Armidale, has tapped the secrets of worm coatings on once-submerged rocks to shake established theory that sea levels are presently as high as they have ever been. Based on height measurements of worm coatings on rocks now well above sea level, and carbon dating tests which show them to be as recent as 3,500 years old, Baker argues that sea levels have not been steady since the last ice age, as is commonly believed. Instead, he told Australia's ABC television, it changed rapidly 3,000-5,000 years ago. It means that the whole natural system is unstable. Baker and his colleagues at New England University say the sea level may have fallen quickly 3,500 years ago, by as much as a meter in just 10-50 years. The conventional wisdom has been that sea levels haven't been higher. (Contrary) evidence was something that they weren't prepared to accept. Baker's theories, which he first aired 20 years ago, were initially rejected, but are now about to receive a wider audience in the respected journal Marine Biology. 3,500 years ago? Humm, pretty close to that 3,600 signature we're tracking. You will not find the prior South Pole, as there, out over water, a 3,600 old melt and rebuilding left no trace. But the prior North Pole should leave no doubt, as the Island of Greenland, with volcanoes melting the glaciers away in great floods, is still more heavy with ice than all that has accumulated over the current water born poles to date, within the past 3,600 years.
. Prior to the last pole shift there was a slightly colder Europe, a slightly warmer Russia. And why did the continents rend, so that the oceans dropped such a significant degree into the rifts, during the last shift? The crust was jerked to and fro, rapidly. The violent passage was enough to heave the floor of the Red Sea, and to heap the waters up into glass mountains, so a desperate band of Jews could dash forward to safety, with this dash their only choice other than a brutal and vengeful death for all. If the deep ocean rift in the Atlantic was where the waters of the oceans went, to drop the sea level 18-20 feet worldwide, has this ever been the reverse? In a quote from the respected Journal Science. Antarctic Ice Sheet Key to Sudden Sea Level Rise University of Toronto, April 2002, Volume 2, Issue 3 Physicists from Canada, the United States and Britain have concluded that a massive & unusually abrupt rise in sea level about 14,000 years ago was caused by the partial collapse of ice sheets in Antarctica, solving a mystery scientists have been heatedly debating for more than a decade.Near the end of the last Ice Age, the Earth's sea level rose over 20 metres 4 times faster than usual for that time period & at least 20 times faster than sea levels are rising now, report geophysicists. The cause of this event called the global meltwater pulse 1A, first identified in 1989 has been unknown until now. The scientists say their research not only pinpoints the source of the meltwater pulse, it also makes the case that significant climatic events can occur very rapidly and unpredictably. There's that 3,600 signature again, as 14,200 is a precise multiple of 4 * 3,600! Frozen mammoths and mastodons, falling and rising sea levels, what else? A quote again from Earth in Upheaval. Shifting Poles: pages 111, 44, and 46 "All other theories of the origin of the Ice Age having failed, there remained an avenue of approach which already early in the discussion was chosen by several geologists: a shift in the terrestrial poles. If for some reason the poles had moved, old polar ice would have moved out of the Arctic and Antarctic circles and into new regions. The glacial cover of the Ice Age could have been the polar icecap of an earlier epoch. The continent of Antarctica is larger than Europe. It has not a single tree, not a single bush, not a single blade of grass. Very few fungi have been found. Storms of great velocity circle the Antarctic most of the year. Shackleton, during his expedition to Antarctica in 1907 found fossil wood in the sandstone. Then he discovered 7 seams of coal. The seams are each between 3 and 7 feet thick. Associated with the coal is sandstone containing coniferous wood." Spitsbergen in the Arctic Ocean is as far north from Oslo in Norway as Oslo is from Naples. Heer identified 136 species of fossil plants from Spitsbergen. Among the plants were pines, firs, spruces, and cypresses, also elms, hazels, and water lilies. At the northernmost tip of Spitsbergen Archipelago, a bed of black and lustrous coal 25 to 30 feet thick was found. (Spitsbergen) is buried in darkness for half the year and is now almost continuously buried under snow and ice. At some time in the remote past corals grew and are still found on the entire fringe of polar North America - in Alaska, Canada, and Greenland. In later times fig palms bloomed within the Arctic Circle. Hapburg, a compatriot of Velikovsky, suggested that a crustal shift was the most likely explanation for the wandering poles phenomena, and it certainly is an explanation for the Ice Ages. How could it be that the last Ice Age, over France, was possible when at the SAME TIME Siberia, at the same latitude, was warmer, grasslands, where great numbers of mammoths grazed, herbivores, cousins of elephants, needing to eat grass, year round. Did the Sun wink out as it passed over France, then blaze when it passed over Siberia? Clearly, France was further North, and Siberia further South, at that time. Confusion exists over why the ice in Antarctica dates back, apparently, for many pole shift periods. If one analyses the last few shifts, it becomes apparent that the South Pole was either over, part way, Antarctica, or nearby in the ocean.
When a pole is over water, near land, the land mass retains its ice, under the influence of this large block of ice afloat. This is due to cold water washing against the land mass, as well as air currents. The prior shift moved the North Pole from Greenland to its present location. Prior to that, it was over the East Siberian Sea, having pulled Siberia northward where the largest number of mammoth dieoff occurred.Tracing the North Pole over the past few shifts, one sees that it spent a time over Scandinavia where it resided between the 4th and 5th shift back. When it moved from Scandinavia into the Arctic north of Siberia, Europe warmed up, its glaciers melting. Prior to Scandinavia, the North Pole centered over North America.The last ice age, over France, supposedly ended 10,000 years ago. 10,800 being a multiple of 3,600, that's pretty close to the 3,600 signature! According to the September 10, 1996 issue of the Seattle Times The lodgepole pine forest suddenly died 10,900 years ago (3633 x 3). "The weather here changed so fast and so severely that the forest of the lodgepole pine that had succeeded Ice Age glaciers died in a blink." What happened to make Seattle so suddenly cold, 10,900 years ago? Why, the crust moved, warming France and Scandinavia, and putting the cold spot someplace else. The Ice Ages over France and Scandinavia were between 4 and 5 pole shifts back. That would put this time frame from between 14,400 years and 18,000 year ago.
Per Early Man in the New World by Kenneth MacGowan, published in 1950, there are charts of major glacial changes 18,000 years ago (3600 x 5), 25,000 years ago (3570 x 7), 40,000 years ago (3636 x 11), and 65,000 years ago (3611 x 18)! What does Velikovsky have to say about this 3,600 year signature? Times and Dates: pages 202-203 "Careful investigation by W.A. Johnston of the Niagara River bed disclosed that the present channel was cut by the falls less than 4,000 years ago. And equally careful investigation of the Bear River delta by Hanson showed that the age of this delta was 3,600 years. The study by Claude Jones of the lakes of the Great Basin showed that these lakes, remnants of larger glacial lakes, have existed only about 3,500 years. Gales obtained the same result on Owen Lake in California and also Van Winkle on Abert and Summer lakes in Oregon. Radiocarbon analysis by Libby also indicates that plants associated with extinct animals (mastodons) in Mexico are probably only 3,500 years old. Similar conclusions concerning the late survival of the Pleistocene fauna were drawn by various field workers in many parts of the American continent. Suess and Rubin found with the help of radiocarbon analysis that in the mountains of the western United States ice advanced only 3000 years ago. The Florida fossil beds at Vero and Melbourne proved - by the artifacts found there together with human bones and the remains of animals, many of which are extinct - that these fossil beds were deposited between 2,000 and 4,000 years ago. From observations on beaches in numerous places all over the world, Daly concluded that there was a change in the ocean level, which dropped sixteen to twenty feet 3,500 years ago." Kuenen and others confirmed the findings with evidence derived from Europe. Others have also taken note. Lloyd Pye reports: 3600 in geo evidence by Lloyd Pye Quotes from Cyclostratigraphy Stratigraphy is the science of reading geological strata, which are ribbon-like layers of rock that were at one time sand, soil, or volcanic outflow. Sand or soil was washed into place by long extinct rivers, or settled to the bottom of long extinct seas or lakes. Lava flows appear much quicker and are usually much thicker. Strata can reveal many things. What was the magnetic alignment of the Earth when a strata was deposited? Was magnetic north where it is today? Pointing to the equator? Or to where Zanzibar is now? Strata are the telltales of geologic history. They can provide views into the past that are often remarkable and sometimes astonishing. One of the lesser known but highly important aspects of stratigraphy is that it provides an unambiguous record of global catastrophes. Shifts of the magnetic poles are only one of a range of events chronicled in stone. Earthquakes of great antiquity can be read and dated. Volcanic eruptions. Mountains rise and fall. Rivers change course. Flood plains shrink or expand. Glaciers wax and wane. All leave scars on the Earth that end up in the geologic record. But what causes the seasons to change? Better yet, what causes Ice Ages? What causes the many fluctuations recorded within each Ice Age? Is there a pattern to any of it? Can there be a recognizable cycle in a river's seasonal flooding, or Earth's cataclysmic Ice Ages? Yes. As Roger Cunningham was reading through the section of [the Second Edition of the Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory, Farland Publishing, year 2000, a ] book dealing with these matters, something caused him to put on his thinking cap and, being a number cruncher at heart, he decided to play around with what he had read. It wasn't long before one very important number literally leaped off the calculator at him: 3600. And none other than Potsdam Institue for Climate Impact has found a similar 3,600 signature. In an ABC News story which aired, July 15, 1999 they reported: The rains stopped coming, the temperature rose and the great grasslands of North Africa turned to desert a few thousand years ago - changes that may have helped spur development of civilization in the Nile Valley. 4,000 to 3,600 years ago, according to a paper published today by the journal Geophysical Research Letters, was very severe, ruining ancient civilizations and socio-economic systems. A team of researchers headed by Martin Claussen of Germany's Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research analyzed computer models of climate over the past several thousand years. They concluded that the change to today's desert climate in the Sahara was triggered by changes in the Earth's orbit and the tilt of Earth's axis. At that time, the Northern Hemisphere received more summer sunlight, which amplified the African and Indian summer monsoon, they reported. The switch in North Africa's climate and vegetation was abrupt. In the Sahara, we find an abrupt decrease in vegetation from a green Sahara to a desert shrubland within a few hundred years.
So, what else happened 3,600 years ago? We've got the Jewish Exodus, the last mammoths going extinct, the sea level dropping world wide by 18-20 feet, the Sahara drying up. Anything else? Well, 3,600 years ago, Thera, a monstrous volcano in the Mediterranean, erupted, as did Vesuvius. The eruption at Thera was 20 times as massive as Krakatoa in 1883. According to current data, the last two great eruptions of Vesuvius occured in 3580 B.C.E and 79 C.E. (the latter being the eruption which buried Pompei and Herculaneum). Both Krakatoa and Thera have a Volcanic Explosivity Index or 6 which rates them as "colossal". Science Digest, Sep/Oct '80 When Krakatoa exploded on August 26, 1883, it erupted noisily. It could be heard as much as 3,000 miles away on Rodrigues Island in the Indian Ocean. Vibrations shattered shop windows 80 miles off. The energy; released in the main explosion has been estimated to be equivalent to an explosion of 150 megatons of TNT. Christos G. Doumas, Thera - Pompeii of the Ancient Aegean, p. 141 And trees in Sweden show the mark of this explosion, and help establish the date as 1628 BC. Since we understand that the probability that the passage period for Planet X, aka Nibiru, is 3,657 years, this puts the date of the passage very near, well, NOW! Ancient Trees May Explain Story of Atlantis Associated Press, September 14, 2000 Researchers say ancient pine tree stumps found in a Swedish peat bog may hold a record of the great volcanic blast. Major volcanic eruptions have been known to blast enough dust into the atmosphere to cause frosts and limit crop growth, and one of the most powerful such blasts occurred when the Greek island of Santorini blew up in the mid-1600s B.C. [Carbon] dating and the severe magnitude of this phenomenon suggest that it can be ascribed to the 1628-27 B.C. event, hence providing new evidence of a wider, more northerly area of influence, the team of Swedish scientists reported in the Sept. 15 issue of Geophysical Research Letters. And in China, it was written during the reign of Emperor Qin c.1600 B.C.Chieh Dynasty In the twenty-ninth year of King Chieh [the last ruler of Hsia, the earliest recorded Chinese dynasty], the Sun was dimmed... the Sun was distressed... during the last years of Chieh ice formed in [summer] mornings and frosts in the sixth month [July]. Heavy rainfall toppled temples and buildings... Heaven gave severe orders. The Sun and Moon were untimely.